South Africa Under Apartheid (Part 3)
The system of apartheid sparked significant internal resistance. The government responded to a series of popular uprisings and protests with police brutality, which in turn increased local support for the armed resistance struggle. Internal resistance to the apartheid system in South Africa came from several sectors of society and saw the creation of organizations dedicated variously to peaceful protests, passive resistance and armed insurrection. In 1949 the youth wing of the African National Congress (ANC) took control of the organization and started advocating a radical black nationalist programme. The new young leaders proposed that white authority could only be overthrown through mass campaigns. In 1950 that philosophy saw the launch of the Programme of Action, a series of strikes, boycotts and civil disobedience actions that led to occasionally violent clashes with the authorities. In 1959 a group of disenchanted ANC members formed the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), which organised a demonstration against pass books on 21 March 1960. One of those protests was held in the township of Sharpeville, where 69 people were killed by police in the Sharpeville massacre. In the wake of the Sharpeville incident the government declared a state of emergency. More than 18 000 people were arrested, including leaders of the ANC and PAC, and both organisations were banned. The resistance went underground, with some leaders in exile abroad and others engaged in campaigns of domestic sabotage and terrorism. In May 1961, prior to the declaration of South Africa as a Republic, an assembly representing the banned ANC called for negotiations between the members of the different ethnic groupings, threatening demonstrations and strikes during the inauguration of the Republic if their calls were ignored. When the government overlooked them, the strikers (among the main organizers was a 42-year old, Thembu-origin Nelson Mandela) carried out their threats. The government countered swiftly by giving police the authority to arrest people for up to twelve days and detaining many strike leaders amid numerous cases of police brutality. Defeated, the protesters called off their strike. The ANC then chose to launch an armed struggle through a newly formed military wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), which would perform acts of sabotage on tactical state structures. Its first sabotage plans were carried out on 16 December 1961, the anniversary of the Battle of Blood River. In the 1970s the Black Consciousness Movement was created by tertiary students influenced by the American Black Power movement. BC endorsed black pride and African customs and did much to alter the feelings of inadequacy instilled among black people by the apartheid system. The leader of the movement, Steve Biko, was taken into custody on 18 August 1977 and was murdered in detention. In 1976 secondary students in Soweto took to the streets in the Soweto uprising to protest against forced tuition in Afrikaans. On 16 June, police opened fire on students in what was meant to be a peaceful protest. According to official reports 23 people were killed, but news agencies put the number as high as 600 killed and 4000 injured. In the following years several student organisations were formed with the goal of protesting against apartheid, and these organisations were central to urban school boycotts in 1980 and 1983 as well as rural boycotts in 1985 and 1986. In parallel to student protests, labour unions started protest action in 1973 and 1974. After 1976 unions and workers are considered to have played an important role in the struggle against apartheid, filling the gap left by the banning of political parties. In 1979 black trade unions were legalised and could engage in collective bargaining, although strikes were still illegal. At roughly the same time churches and church groups also emerged as pivotal points of resistance. Church leaders were not immune to prosecution, and certain faith-based organisations were banned, but the clergy generally had more freedom to criticise the government than militant groups did. Although the majority of whites supported apartheid, some 20 percent did not. Parliamentary opposition was galvanised by Helen Suzman, Colin Eglin and Harry Schwarz who formed the Progressive Federal Party. Extra-parliamentary resistance was largely centred in the South African Communist Party and women's organisation the Black Sash. Women were also notable in their involvement in trade union organisations and banned political parties.
apartheid
in
south
africa
music
african
national
anthem
rap
accent
beaches
beautiful
crime
documentary
cape
town
drugs
dangerous
economy
explained
english
freedom
songs
gospel
military
movies
news
old
police
brutality
president
poor
whites
racism
tourism
under
xenophobia
youth
Channels:
News, Politics, and Documentaries
Added: 58 days ago by
gary
Runtime: 01:00 |
Views: 33 |
Comments: 0
Not yet rated
South Africa Under Apartheid (Part 1)
1957 film Apartheid was a system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained. Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times, but apartheid as an official policy was introduced following the general election of 1948. New legislation classified inhabitants into racial groups ("black", "white", "coloured", and "Indian"), and residential areas were segregated by means of forced removals. From 1958, Blacks were deprived of their citizenship, legally becoming citizens of one of ten tribally based self-governing homelands called bantustans, four of which became nominally independent states. The government segregated education, medical care, and other public services, and provided black people with services inferior to those of whites. Apartheid sparked significant internal resistance and violence as well as a long trade embargo against South Africa. A series of popular uprisings and protests were met with the banning of opposition and imprisoning of anti-apartheid leaders. As unrest spread and became more violent, state organizations responded with increasing repression and state-sponsored violence. Reforms to apartheid in the 1980s failed to quell the mounting opposition, and in 1990 President Frederik Willem de Klerk began negotiations to end apartheid, culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1994, which were won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela. The vestiges of apartheid still shape South African politics and society.
apartheid
in
south
africa
documentary
song
wall
israel
music
violence
anthem
police
post
history
racial
discrimination
nelson
mandela
brutality
clips
explained
footage
fights
freedom
songs
film
government
america
usa
johannesburg
killings
laws
myths
news
protest
propaganda
riots
regime
Channels:
News, Politics, and Documentaries
Added: 58 days ago by
gary
Runtime: 01:00 |
Views: 14 |
Comments: 0
Not yet rated
South African Comedy -Bakgat Copshop Comedy episode 1
A wacky South African comedy all about police hypnotism, hitmen, drug busts gone wrong and hallucinations set in the HOT mythical african country of Bakgat(which means Perfect/Great/fantastic/lovely
Comedy
South
Africa
hypnotism
hitman
police
parody
on
Channels:
Comedy
Added: 63 days ago by
gary
Runtime: 01:00 |
Views: 43 |
Comments: 0
Not yet rated
South African Comedy- The Bakgat Copshop- episode 3
The hit man arrives, The doctor is almost assasinated, Koekie strips even further confusing an eager young messenger,Major Kuns hallicinates and everything falls apart, but it's ok because we love Bakgat, Its just the structure of things that makes us MAL(mad). Hope you enjoyed the show!
police
comedy
south
africa
short
film
drama
independent
producer
guerilla
maker
Channels:
Comedy
Added: 63 days ago by
gary
Runtime: 01:00 |
Views: 12 |
Comments: 0
Not yet rated
South Africa’s under-fire policemen are going back to the classroom to refresh their skills.
Channels:
Military,SADF & Police
Added: 636 days ago by
gary
Runtime: 03:31 |
Views: 29 |
Comments: 0
Not yet rated